Virus is a small foreign object, infectious agent that would replicate itself inside the living cells of the host (organism). This object is a dreadful scourge for all the living creature on earth, from human, animal, plant – even archaea and bacteria couldn’t escape from the aggression. Although we are living in the modern era which majority – all aspects of human kind activities was assisted with modern technology, apparently human kind still couldn’t resolve every virus that strike and endangered the living things.
If we question, the origins of viruses – where it start – it’s still unclear and predicted that this object was existed wherever there are lives – living host – and apparently, its been existed since the first living cells exist – but absolutely the virus don’t form fossil. There are two types of viruses that we could learn, the virus that strike the DNA, and virus that strike the RNA – only could be investigate by molecular techniques. Molecular techniques apparently could observe how these viruses arose and growth.
Now, we’re going to learn deeper what virus is – the facts and fake of virus expansion in animals’ body that we should know. But, today, I will sharpen out topic only for the animal viruses – be thoughtful ladies and gentleman, cause you need to keep an eye to your animal around you (your pet or your farm animal), because it could be truly deadly and caused dangerous result such death. Therefore, let’s check it out: facts and fake of virus expansion in animals’ body.
The Hypotheses of Viruses Origins
Cellular Origin
Cellular origin hypothesis was discovered by Barbara McClintock in Maize, 1950, that revealed: some of those viruses was evolved from bits of RNA or DNA that apparently escaped from larger organism genes. Those escaped components speculated from the transposons and plasmids
Regression Hypothesis
Regression hypothesis also known as the reduction hypothesis or degeneracy hypothesis revealed that viruses was the result of parasitised larger cells to small cells. In the progress of time the parasitism apparently didn’t required by the genes because the bacteria such chlamydia and rickettsia (other living cells) – just like viruses – they could only reproduce inside the cells of the host. The parasitism dependence has caused the loss of genes that likely make them enable survived outside the cell.
Co-evolution Hypothesis
The thesis that also called as the virus-first hypothesis revealed that at the first time of the appearing of first cells on earth – speculated even for billions of years – the viruses might be evolved from the nucleic acid and protein’s complex molecules at the same time. But, the RNA molecule called viroid – because the lack of its protein coat – didn’t classified as a virus. For you personal note, there is cell called satellites that represent of evolutionary of viruses and viroids.
Types of Animals’ Viruses
Nor wild animals nor pet animals, every animal could infect by viruses just like human (also infected to human). There are two types of animals viruses you could learn:
Vertebrates
Vertebrates viruses was informally classify as two types: first, the virus which ordinarily infected human; second, the virus which infected other animal. Although the virus commonly no life-threatening disease, but different viruses could affect the host body tissues and organs, and other symptoms from mild or even no symptom at all. You need to know, that human can’t be infected by insect and plant viruses, but apparently susceptible of other vertebrates infections.
Example of the viruses are pox virus called myxomatosis – a fatal infection of rabbit which would caused death in twelve days; canine parvovirus, was caused by DNA virus which caused serious infection on mammal animals such horses, dogs, and cats; phocine distemper virus, which is the virus that infected marine mammals, etc.
Invertebrates
However, invertebrates didn’t produce antibodies, but they had an effective response on immune to create immunity to pathogens and viruses. Invertebrates created a hemolymph that produce benefits components to protect them such proteins, hemocyanins, and lectins.
Viruses examples: deformed wing virus caused by varroa mites, which caused the wings of bee and other flying invertebrates stunt; the baculoviruses, would cost the death of several species of invertebrates. The viruses not only damage the body part of invertebrates, but also affect on changes of behavior.
Virus Facts You Have to Know
- Viruses are not alive: perhaps all this time we would imagine that virus is a live micro-organism that entered our body and caused much misery in the host. But, we’re wrong. Virus is dead chemical with no cells – but they were not dead entirely. Virus has genes and could produce and evolve naturally.
- The word virus was origins from Latin which mean poison and slimy liquid. Apparently this named was a descriptor for bug that responsible of common cold and flu.
- Mimivirus named was inspired by the French biologist who found it named Didier Raoult which recalled the story that his father used to read called Mini the Amoeba.
- There is a virus that could infect animals, and plants, and bacterial cells called eukaryotic virus. Ordinarily, this virus would attack animals – but, it could strike the plants and as well. The virus would not kill the plant, but they do cause the deformation in growth and plant other developments.
Fake in Animals’ Virus
Perhaps we often heard people talk about wild animals was the caused of all the deadly viruses among human kind. Well, now I am telling you, my friends; nor every deadly viruses in human kind is caused by animals. Yes, there are some virus that infected human which caused by animals, such: some dangerous diseases of rabbit (tularemia, septimetic plague, etc), some dangerous diseases of goat (q fever, leptospirosis, etc), ebola, rabies, etc. But, there some virus that attack human only, such: smallpox, HIV, rotavirus, etc.
Vice versa, there are some viruses of human that apparently was infected animals. Yes, this is surprising, isn’t? Those viruses examples are: the respiratory disease in chimpanzee that cause by human metapneumovirus; influenza, yes – influenza could be transfers to other non-human hosts. This fact would break the statement that all of human kind viruses was transmitted from animals.